| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | eng: A cognitive bias is the human tendency to draw incorrect conclusions in certain circumstances based on cognitive factors rather than evidence. Such biases are thought to be a form of "cognitive shortcut", often based upon rules of thumb, and include errors in statistical judgment, social attribution, and memory. Cognitive biases are a common outcome of human thought, and often drastically skew the reliability of anecdotal and legal evidence. It is a phenomenon studied in cognitive science and social psychology. |
| lexicalization | eng: Cognitive biases |
| lexicalization | eng: Cognitive Bias |
| subclass of | (noun) a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation prejudice, preconception, bias |
| Note: 84 other instance(s) ommited in the following list | |
| has instance | e/de/Perseveranzeffekt |
| has instance | e/Acquiescence bias |
| has instance | e/Affective forecasting |
| has instance | e/Anchoring |
| has instance | e/Attitude polarization |
| has instance | e/Attribute substitution |
| has instance | e/Belief bias |
| has instance | e/Bias blind spot |
| has instance | e/Cognitive dissonance |
| has instance | e/Cognitive distortion |
| has instance | e/Congruence bias |
| has instance | e/Contrast effect |
| has instance | e/Disconfirmation bias |
| has instance | e/Distinction bias |
| has instance | e/Dunning-kruger effect |
| has instance | e/Egocentric bias |
| has instance | e/Emotional bias |
| has instance | e/Exaggeration |
| has instance | e/Hypocrisy-charge bias |
| has instance | e/Implicit cognition |
| has instance | e/Inequity aversion |
| has instance | e/List of memory biases |
| has instance | e/Loss aversion |
| has instance | e/Moral credential |
| has instance | e/Name letter effect |
| has instance | e/Optimism bias |
| has instance | e/Outgroup homogeneity bias |
| has instance | e/Overconfidence effect |
| has instance | e/Perceptual psychology |
| has instance | e/Post-purchase rationalization |
| has instance | e/Psychological projection |
| has instance | e/Realism theory |
| has instance | e/Retractor (memory) |
| has instance | e/Selective perception |
| has instance | e/Self-handicapping |
| has instance | e/Spacing effect |
| has instance | e/Status quo bias |
| has instance | e/Trait ascription bias |
| has instance | e/Well travelled road effect |
| has instance | e/Zeigarnik effect |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian | |
| has gloss | bul: Когнитивното отклонение е тенденция у личността да прави грешки в съжденията основани на когнитивни фактори и са феномен изучаван от когнитивната наука и социалната психология. Формите на когнитивно отклонение включват грешки в статистическото съждение, социалното стереотипизиране и паметта, които обща за всички човешки същества. Такива отклонения драстично накланят надеждността на анекдотичните и законни доказателства. Това са мисли основани на евристика, правила, които хората използват извън навиците си или еволюционната нужда. |
| lexicalization | bul: Когнитивно отклонение |
| Catalan | |
| has gloss | cat: Un biaix cognitiu és un procés pel qual la cognició saltera en funció de prejudicis, falses atribucions, induccions excessives o la perspectiva de lobservador. Tot acte de pensament té un biaix cognitiu, per la qual cosa lobjectivitat no existeix. La realitat sempre està esbiaixada duna determinada manera per al subjecte. |
| lexicalization | cat: biaix cognitiu |
| lexicalization | cat: Biaixos cognitius |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Kognitive Verzerrung ist ein kognitionspsychologischer Sammelbegriff für systematische Fehler (nicht zufällige) beim Wahrnehmen, Erinnern, Denken und Urteilen. Sie werden meist unbewusst begangen. Oft resultieren daraus kognitive Heuristiken, wie zum Beispiel Urteilsheuristiken. |
| lexicalization | deu: Kognitive Verzerrung |
| Basque | |
| lexicalization | eus: Joera kognitiboak |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Kognitiivinen vääristymä on inhimillinen tapa tehdä virhearviointeja tiedollisten syiden takia. Kognitiivisia vääristymiä tutkitaan kognitiotieteessä ja sosiaalipsykologiassa. Erilaisia vääristymiä ovat muun muassa kaikille ihmisille yleiset virhearviot tilastojen tulkinnassa, sosiaalisessa attribuutiossa sekä muistamisessa. |
| lexicalization | fin: Kognitiivinen vääristymä |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: Un biais cognitif est une erreur dans la prise de décision et/ou le comportement adopté face à une situation donnée résultant dune faille ou dune faiblesse dans le traitement des informations disponibles. Létude des biais cognitifs fait lobjet de nombreux travaux en psychologie cognitive, en psychologie sociale et plus généralement dans les sciences cognitives. Le terme biais fait référence au fait que l'erreur ainsi commise présente un caractère relativement systématique dont les déterminants sont à rechercher dans les mécanismes mis en jeu dans le traitement cognitif appliqué à la situation. |
| lexicalization | fra: Biais cognitif |
| Hebrew | |
| has gloss | heb: הטיה קוגניטיבית היא כל אחת ממגוון רחב של אפקטי צפיין שזוהו בפסיכולוגיה חברתית, כולל שגיאות סטטיסטיות ושגיאות זיכרון פשוטות האופייניות אצל בני אדם (וזוהו לראשונה על ידי עמוס טברסקי ודניאל כהנמן) המטות באופן משמעותי את אמינותם של ממצאים אנקדוטליים וממצאים משפטיים. |
| lexicalization | heb: הטיה קוגניטיבית |
| lexicalization | heb: הטיות קוגניטיביות |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: Una trappola cognitiva (o bias cognitivo) è un automatismo del cervello umano che porta a valutare in modo erroneo una situazione oppure a prendere una decisione sbagliata. Ogni atto decisionale ed ogni valutazione sono basati su variabili non sempre completamente conosciute e sono influenzati da una serie di parametri e condizioni, per cui il cervello umano è portato a decidere applicando delle euristiche non completamente corrette. |
| lexicalization | ita: trappola cognitiva |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: 認知バイアス（にんちバイアス、 ）は、認知心理学や社会心理学での様々な観察者効果の一種であり、非常に基本的な統計学的な誤り、社会的帰属の誤り、記憶の誤り（虚偽記憶）など人間が犯しやすい問題である。認知バイアスは、事例証拠や法的証拠の信頼性を大きく歪める。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 認知バイアス |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: Een denkfout, ook wel een cognitieve fout of een redeneerfout is een selectieve misinterpretatie die wel in overeenstemming is met het denkschema, maar een vertekening is van de oorspronkelijke informatie. Feitelijk neigen alle mensen ertoe selectief te interpreteren. In de psychopathologie is er sprake van forse vertekeningen. |
| lexicalization | nld: denkfout |
| Norwegian | |
| lexicalization | nor: Kognitiv bias |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Błąd poznawczy to ogólne określenie nieracjonalnego sposobu postrzegania rzeczywistości, obejmujące błędy w ocenianiu prawdopodobieństwa, błędy atrybucji, stereotypy i selektywność ludzkiej pamięci. Ich badaniem zajmuje się psychologia poznawcza i psychologia społeczna. Ponieważ występują one u każdego człowieka, ich znajomość jest niezbędna przy ocenianiu wiarygodności zeznań w postępowaniach sądowych. Z wiedzy o takich błędach korzystają również intensywnie twórcy reklam. Wreszcie jednym z głównych celów metodologii naukowej jest uniknięcie wpływu tych błędów na wyniki badań naukowych. |
| lexicalization | pol: Błąd poznawczy |
| lexicalization | pol: Błędy poznawcze |
| Portuguese | |
| has gloss | por: Viés cognitivo é a tendência das pessoas de cometerem enganos de julgamento baseados em fatores cognitivos. É um fenômeno estudado pela Ciência Cognitiva e Psicologia Social. Vieses cognitivos incluem erros de julgamentos estatísticos, atribuição social e memórias comuns a todos os humanos. Esses vieses alteram drasticamente a validade de evidências legais e anedóticas. Supõe-se que os vieses são baseados em herísticas que as pessoas utilizam por hábito ou necessidade evolutiva. |
| lexicalization | por: Viés cognitivo |
| Moldavian | |
| lexicalization | ron: Distorsiune cognitivă |
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: Un sesgo cognitivo es cualquiera de los muchos efectos del observador (el observador selecciona la información de forma selectiva) comunes a todos los seres humanos y que han sido identificados en ciertas áreas tales como la Psicología cognitiva o en la Psicología social que incluyen entre sus estudios: las atribuciones sociales, los errores de memoria, la interpretación estadística etc. Los sesgos desvían drásticamente la fiabilidad tanto de las evidencias legales como de las anecdóticas. Los sesgos sociales se denominan generalmente sesgos atribucionales, y afectan a nuestras interacciones sociales de cada día. Las relacionadas con la probabilidad y toma de decisiones que afectan significativamente al método científico que ha sido diseñado deliberadamente para disminuir tales sesgos del observador. |
| lexicalization | spa: Sesgo cognitivo |
| lexicalization | spa: Sesgos cognitivos |
| Swedish | |
| has gloss | swe: Kognitiv bias är en beteendevetenskaplig benämning på de mönster som kan påverka människors subjektiva uppfattning av omvärlden. |
| lexicalization | swe: Kognitiv bias |
| lexicalization | swe: Kognitiva biaser |
| Turkish | |
| lexicalization | tur: Bilişsel eğilimler |
| Chinese | |
| lexicalization | zho: 认知偏差 |
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